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Routine monitoring of insecticide residues reaching the surface is critical to ensure correct dosing but is not done as the tools available for estimating insecticide amounts on surfaces are not practical for field use. Under spraying with sub-lethal doses of insecticide reduces impact on the disease vector and facilitates evolution of insecticide resistance. The efficacy of IRS is maximized, when its coverage is sufficiently extensive and the correct concentration of active ingredient used to kill the insect population targeted.

The imperative remains to develop practical field tools for close monitoring of DDT spray quality that allow reactive measures to poor spray quality. Post IRS, WHO recommends cone bioassays to determine the quality of application of spray. In the case of DDT visual inspection of the powder delivered to the target surface is often used as an indicator of quality. During operations supervision of spray operators by team leaders to ensure spray application technique is optimal and equipment malfunctioning is corrected, are advocated. Stock auditing, physically checking the state of spray equipment, servicing equipment at least once a year and rigorous training of IRS spray operators is done before IRS commences. Ĭurrently recommended approaches for quality assurance of IRS in vector control programmes falls into three categories: pre, during and post IRS quality assurance. However, scale-up of this program for national implementation resulted in insecticide levels significantly below the target dose, with up to 85% of walls being under sprayed in Bihar State. When DDT is sprayed at a target dose of 1 g/ m 2 for VL control, it can be efficient in reducing the indoor abundance of sand -fly populations. An estimated 200 million people are at risk of this disease, of which 65 million live in India, predominantly in Bihar State. VL is caused by Leishmania donovani and is transmitted by the female sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes. In India, DDT (2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1,-trichloroethane) is used extensively by the Indian National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBCDP) as part of efforts to eliminate VL.

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